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// Keep existing unless either (a) URL carries a new click id
// the stored payload lacks (paid click is a higher-value
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}var utm_keys = [
'utm_source','utm_medium','utm_campaign','utm_content','utm_term',
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];
// GWP-273 — merge-preserving base. When enriching an existing
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// via the forEach). Branches with/without urlClickIdKey were
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// click id is added uniformly later.
//
// GWP-273 design choice: "latest external referrer wins" —
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// post-empty-first-touch and returns; low-volume, simple, no
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// GWP-208 — carry Meta's first-party click-linker cookies (_fbc
// = fb.1.<ts>.<fbclid>, _fbp) into the captured payload so they
// ride the persistent gmx_first_touch cookie cross-page (LP X →
// LP Y) the same way the URL click-ids do. The CF7 hidden-field
// populator copies the whole payload verbatim, so fbc/fbp reach
// the lead even when the form lives on a page without ?fbclid.
var fbcMatch = document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;\s*)_fbc=([^;]+)/);
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var expires = new Date(Date.now() + 90 * 864e5).toUTCString(); // GWP-143 C1: match Google Ads 90-day attribution window
var secure = window.location.protocol === 'https:' ? '; Secure' : '';
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fbq('consent', 'revoke');
fbq('init', '1857131551802431');
fbq('track', 'PageView'); /* queued; flushed to Meta only after consent grant *//* Grant bridge — reads the SAME ATR marketing signal as GMX_Consent.applyConsent(). */
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function apply(){ if (marketingGranted()) fbq('consent', 'grant'); }
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if (ev.target && ev.target.closest && ev.target.closest('[class*="atr-cookie"], #atr-cookie-notice')) setTimeout(apply, 50);
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Shabbat begins on Friday evening 18 minutes before sunset (default) and ends on Saturday night at the appearance of the stars – at least 3 medium-sized stars. Local customs vary: Jerusalem 40 minutes before, Haifa 30, Or HaChaim 20. Rabbeinu Tam requires waiting 72 minutes after sunset. GoMixApp signage displays accurate times for every location.
Shabbat entry and exit times are the foundation of religious community life – when candles are lit, when work is forbidden, when Havdalah is recited. The times change every week (by season) and in every city (by location and elevation). In this article we review the various calculation methods, local customs (Jerusalem/Haifa/Or HaChaim), and how to automatically display the times on digital signage in the synagogue.
When does Shabbat begin?
Shabbat begins on Friday evening 18 minutes before sunset (the default accepted by most sites and communities). The candle-lighting time is the moment of accepting Shabbat – from that moment, work is forbidden. The 18 minutes is “Tosefet Shabbat” – an addition of sanctity that distances one from the prohibition.
Various local customs add to the standard 18 minutes:
Jerusalem – 40 minutes before sunset (Time Offset = -22 relative to default)
Haifa – 30 minutes before (Time Offset = -12)
Or HaChaim method (Rabbi Ovadia Yosef zt”l) – 20 minutes before (Time Offset = -2)
Certain communities (Chabad, Chassidim) – additional customs, some 30-40 minutes
Shabbat times tailored to the geographic location of the synagogue
End of Shabbat – 4 methods
The end of Shabbat is marked by the appearance of the stars – the time when 3 medium-sized stars are visible in the sky. But the definition of exactly when this occurs varies by community and method:
Standard appearance of the stars (Gra) – 8.5° below the horizon. The standard halacha.
13.5 seasonal minutes after sunset (Or HaChaim) – Rabbi Ovadia’s method. Seasonal minutes = vary by season.
30 fixed minutes after sunset – standard Havdalah custom. This time is already after all the appearance-of-the-stars methods, so it is safe to perform Havdalah.
72 seasonal minutes after sunset (Rabbeinu Tam) – the most stringent.
Rabbeinu Tam method – the most stringent
The Rabbeinu Tam method is the only one among the methods that significantly extends the end of Shabbat. According to it, the halachic day ends 72 seasonal minutes after sunset – in summer this is about 90 minutes after sunset, in winter about 60 minutes.
Astronomical explanation: according to the Gemara, the sun “continues to circle below the horizon” until it reaches the “western slope” – which is the true night. Rabbeinu Tam calculated this takes 72 minutes. Many of the stringent – mainly Chabad, Chassidim, and Ashkenazi Jerusalemite communities – wait for Rabbeinu Tam time at the conclusion of Shabbat and Yom Kippur. In the GoMixApp system, you can choose which method to display.
For more information on the 4 halachic calculation methods, see the prayer times guide.
Havdalah – the Shabbat-ending ceremony
Havdalah is a short ceremony that ends Shabbat. It is recited after the Maariv prayer of Saturday night, from the appearance of the stars. The order:
Verses are recited starting with “Behold, God is my salvation”
The blessing over wine (HaGafen) on a full cup of wine
The blessing over spices (HaBesamim) – smelling spices (usually cloves or rose)
The blessing over the flame (HaMeor) – looking at a braided-wick Havdalah candle (distinct from a regular candle)
The blessing of Havdalah – “Who separates between sacred and profane”
Drinking the wine and extinguishing the candle in the remaining wine
Automatic candle-lighting times according to the method of the halachic authorities
How to display Shabbat times automatically on the synagogue screen
Candle-lighting (SHABAT_START_EVENT) – with Offset tailored to local custom (Jerusalem -22 / Haifa -12 / Or HaChaim -2)
End of Shabbat (SHABAT_END_EVENT) – choice between 4 methods
End of Shabbat Rabbeinu Tam (SHABBAT_END_RABBEINU_TAM_EQUAL_HOURS / SHABBAT_END_RABBEINU_TAM_DEGREES) – for stringent communities
Havdalah 30 minutes (HAVDALAH_30_MIN) – safe time to begin work
In addition, the system supports automatic page scheduling – you can define pages that will be displayed only on Shabbat, or hidden on Shabbat and holidays. For example: a “Shabbat Shalom” page that appears 30 minutes before Shabbat entry and disappears at the end of Shabbat.
For information on the 43 annual holidays and additional occasions the system supports, see the Hebrew calendar guide.
Frequently Asked Questions about Shabbat times
When does Shabbat begin?
Shabbat begins on Friday evening 18 minutes before sunset (the default accepted by most sites and communities). The candle-lighting time is the moment of accepting Shabbat – from that moment, work is forbidden. Sunset varies by season and location, and therefore the lighting time varies every week.
Why does Jerusalem light candles 40 minutes before sunset?
Jerusalem custom – to light 40 minutes before sunset instead of the standard 18 minutes. The reason: unique preservation of Shabbat sanctity in the Holy City, additional distancing from the prohibition. This was added out of respect for the unique tradition of Jerusalem. In a digital signage system, you can set Time Offset = -22 (40-18=22 additional minutes before).
What are the 4 methods for determining the end of Shabbat?
1) Standard appearance of the stars – 8.5° below the horizon (the time when 3 stars are visible). 2) 13.5 seasonal minutes after sunset (Or HaChaim method, Rabbi Ovadia). 3) 30 fixed minutes after sunset (standard Havdalah). 4) 72 seasonal minutes after sunset (Rabbeinu Tam method – the most stringent).
What is the “Rabbeinu Tam method” for the end of Shabbat?
Rabbeinu Tam was one of the most authoritative halachic decisors of the Middle Ages (Tosafot, Rashi’s grandson). According to his method, the halachic day ends later – 72 seasonal minutes after sunset. Many of the stringent, mainly Chabad and Chassidim, wait for Rabbeinu Tam time at the conclusion of Shabbat and Yom Kippur before beginning work.
Do Shabbat times differ between cities?
Yes – significantly. The difference between cities in Israel can be 5-15 minutes (by longitude). Example: in summer, sunset in Tel Aviv is about 10 minutes later than in Jerusalem (Tel Aviv is further west). In addition, city elevation matters: Jerusalem, ~750 m, receives sunset about 3 minutes earlier than cities at sea level.
What is Havdalah?
Havdalah is a ceremony that ends Shabbat. It is recited after the Maariv prayer of Saturday night, from the appearance of the stars. The order: verses are recited, the blessing over wine (HaGafen), the blessing over spices (HaBesamim, to smell), the blessing over the flame (HaMeor, Havdalah candle), and the blessing of Havdalah. Work is forbidden after Shabbat sunset and before Havdalah.
Is it possible to display Shabbat times automatically on the synagogue screen?
Yes. The GoMixApp system automatically displays: candle-lighting time (with Offset by local custom), end of Shabbat time (4 methods to choose from), Rabbeinu Tam time, and Havdalah 30 minutes time. The times are calculated automatically based on the geographic location and elevation of the synagogue – updated every Friday.
Summary
Shabbat entry and exit times are the foundation of religious community life – and the differences between methods (Gra/Or HaChaim/Rabbeinu Tam) and local customs (Jerusalem/Haifa) are significant. A digital signage system that automatically calculates all the times, supports all the methods, and displays according to the synagogue’s custom – is a professional solution for every community.
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